Understanding Paver Sand Requirements
Two types of sand are critical for paver installation: **bedding sand** (for leveling) and **joint sand** (for locking the pavers).
Bedding Sand Calculation
Bedding sand is the uniform layer of coarse sand placed over the compacted gravel base. The volume is a simple geometric calculation: Area $\times$ Depth. It is measured in cubic yards ($\text{cu yd}$).
$$\text{Bedding Volume (cu yd)} = \frac{\text{Area (sq ft)} \times 144 \times \text{Bedding Depth (in)}}{46,656} \times 1.05$$ *Note: The $\mathbf{1.05}$ factor accounts for $\mathbf{5}\%$ compaction and waste.*
Joint Sand (Polymeric) Calculation
Joint sand, often polymeric sand, is swept into the gaps to lock the pavers together. The volume depends on the **size of the pavers** (smaller pavers mean more joint space), the **joint width**, and the **paver thickness** (joint depth).
The calculated volume in **cubic feet ($\text{cu ft}$)** provides a better estimate for ordering polymeric sand, which is typically sold in $50$-pound bags covering $\text{50}$ to $\text{100}$ $\text{sq ft}$ depending on paver size.
Sand Selection Tips
- **Bedding Sand:** Must be **coarse, washed concrete sand** (ASTM C33). Do NOT use fine mason's sand, which holds too much moisture.
- **Bedding Depth:** Aim for $\text{1}$ inch of loose sand, which will compress to about $\text{3/4}$ inch after the pavers are vibrated. Too deep leads to instability.
- **Joint Sand:** For the best long-term stability and weed prevention, use **Polymeric Sand**. Note that Polymeric sand bags have specific coverage rates listed, which should be cross-referenced with this $\text{cu ft}$ estimate.